Engineering graphics notes pdf eg notes pdf starts with the topics covering concepts and conventions, importance of graphics in engineering applications, geometrical drawing, drawing instruments and materials, mini drafter, drawing. Lines should never be parallel or perpendicular to the object lines. Location of a line the location of a line in projection quadrants is described by specifying the distances of its end points from the vp, hp and pp. Unit i plane curves and introduction to orthographic projection curves used in engineering practices. Since the line is 70 mm in front of the right pp draw the x1y1 line at a distance of 70 mm on the right side of the front view. Parallel to one plane and perpendicular to the other. Projections of straight line when inclined to both hp and vp. Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts and finishes. An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about an object.
An engineering drawing is used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items. Tech 1styear subject engineering graphics or engineering. Orientations of straight lines, traces of straight lines, line parallel to both hp and vp. Oblique projection drawing cylinders drawing cylinders in oblique projection is quite simple if the stages outlined below are followed. Projections of straight line when inclined to both hp and. Graphic language use lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours of objects. Download engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest edition for b.
Assemblies with several parts should be lined with varying angle section lines. The lines or rays drawn from the object to the plane are called projectors. Engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest. Bis conventions, specifications, layout of drawings, lettering and dimensioning. A 90 b 70 c 30 d 15 6 a drawing instrument set usually contains all of the following, except. Engineering graphics 1st yr projection of points and lines. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points. Thus projection of a straight line is the foundation of engineering drawing. Pdf engineering drawing ii tutorial free download pdf. Assume the line to be located in each of the four quadrants by turns. Draw the horizontal projector through ab to cut the 45 degree line at m. Apr 22, 2020 projections of straight lines ppt, engineering drawing, semester mechanical engineering notes edurev is made by best teachers of mechanical engineering. The above position resulting in straight line as a top view and front view.
It is a language of communication between architects and engineers, usually to convey information about the object. Engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest edition. Here you can download engineering drawing book by n. Engineering graphics pdf notes, lecture notes free download. Orthographic projection of points, lines, planes and solids. Projections of straight line when inclined to both hp and vp example3. Engineering drawing is a two dimensional representation of three dimensional objects. An engineering drawing, a type of technical drawing, which is used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items with scales. If you are using a pencil or felttip marker, press lightly when drawing the construc. In comparison with other ways of drawing cylinders for example, perspective and isometric using oblique projection is relatively easy. Nov 03, 2014 engineering graphics projection of points, projection of lines slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Engineering graphics projections of a straight line. Size and shape distortion right angle becomes obtuse angle. Projection of points line geometry angle free 30day. Civil engineering drawing university of asia pacific. Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1. If straight lines are drawn from various points on the contour a contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation of. A straight line ab of 40 mm length has one of its ends a, at 10 mm from the hp and 15 mm from the vp. Orthographic projections indian institute of technology. A straight line ab of 40 mm length is parallel to the hp and inclined at 30 to. Here you can download the free engineering graphics pdf notes eg pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Download ebook nd bhatt engineering drawing solutions nd bhatt engineering drawing solutions projections of straight lines2problem no. Jul 05, 2008 engineering drawing for jntu hyderabad. Nov 12, 2016 in this tutorial, the object is a straight line. Projection of straight lines in engineering drawing pdf.
Projection of straight lines in engineering graphics pdf. A line lm of length 70mm has its end l 10mm above hp and 15mm in front of vp. Shoaf space task group engineering division of the proposed. A compressed handbook designed for the students of engineering disciplines for learning the basics of engineering drawing. However, it is very important that the drawing produced to be accurate and clear. It primarily consists of sketching the actual component. Draw the projections of the following straight lines. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
The observers eye, or station point the plane of projection the projectors also called visual rays or lines of sight. Horizontal and vertical construction lines are lightly drawn to outline the basic shape of the main face of the part. Composition of graphic language the language is known as drawing or drafting. Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. Usually, a number of drawings are necessary to completely specify even a simple component. This document is highly rated by mechanical engineering students and has been viewed 3280 times. Ppt engineering drawing powerpoint presentation free to. An object is represented by drawing the boundaries of all the surfaces of the object. Circular hole becomes ellipse distorted width accurately presents objects details, i. Endpoint a is 12 mm above the hp and 20 mm in front of vp.
Engineering graphics tutorials free download engineering. The folding line is the intersection between two projection planes. A straight line may have different orientations in space well be positioning this line in different ways that is it may be parallel or inclined to. Oct 06, 2014 projections of straight line when inclined to both hp and vp example3. The axes of the solids are in the same straight line. A line cd 80mm long is inclined at 30 0 to hp and 45 0 vp. Known as hidden details are shown on the drawing as dotted lines. The figure formed by joining, in correct sequence, the points at which these lines meet the plane, is called the projection of the object. Method of representation, symbol, scales, different projections. A 3d projection or graphical projection maps points in threedimensions onto a twodimensional plane.
A break lines b phantom lines c extension lines d cutting plane lines 5 which angle cannot be made with either a 45 or 3060 triangle or a combination of the two. Methods of drawing orthographic projections different reference planes are fv is a view projected on vp. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for communication. Engineering drawing, most commonly referred to as engineering graphics, is the art of manipulation of designs of a variety of components, especially those related to engineering. The engineering drawing common to all engineering trades is one of the book developed by the core. This projection planes serves the same purpose in technical drawing as is. Projection of straight lines in engineering drawing pdf in engineering drawing practice two principal planes are used to get the. Technical drawing is concerned mainly with using lines, circles, arcs etc. The point c is 20mm above hp and 30mm in front of vp. Draw the projections of the followin g straight lines.
Engineering graphics notes pdf eg notes pdf starts with the topics covering concepts and conventions, importance of graphics in engineering applications, geometrical drawing, drawing instruments and materials, mini drafter, drawing papers, drawing pencils, layout. Tips for projection of straight linesiiinclined to both. Pictorial drawing perspective drawing multiview drawing difficult to create easy to visualize. The general recommendation are that thick lines are twice as thick as thin lines. As graphics are usually displayed on twodimensional media such as paper and computer monitors, these projections are widely used, especially in engineering drawing, drafting, and computer graphics projections may be calculated mathematically or by various geometrical. Lines on an engineering drawing signify more than just the geometry of the object and it is important that the appropriate line type is used. Engineering graphics projection of points and lines. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience.
Engineering graphics tutorials free download engineering e. Building integrated photovoltaic thermal systems for sustainable developments. Slide set 2 drawing views and orthographic projection i. Engineering graphics projection of points, projection of lines slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Lines on an engineering drawing signify more than just the geometry of the object and. Mech2400 5400 engineering drawings lecture introduction. It is the art of representation of geometrical objects on a drawing sheet. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Projection of straight lines, situated in first quadrant only, inclined to both horizontal and vertical planes, location of traces only.
Drawing section views middlesex county vocational and. The boundary of a surface may be made up of straight lines or curved lines or both. Projections of straight lines ppt, engineering drawing. Visit my youtube channelin the search bar write manas patnaikand there you will find tons of stuff covering almost every aspect in engineering drawing. Multi choice questions darshan institute of engineering. If the outline of the object has 45 degree lines, 30 or 60 degree lines should be used. It may be tempting to use straight edged triangles or rulers for drawing straight lines and a compass to draw circles. The top view and front view of the line measures 60mm and. Developments in environmental durability for photovoltaics. A 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 6 straight line of projection will make an angle with xy line to the angle of plane with other. Projection of lines free download as powerpoint presentation. While drawing this true shape keep one sideedge which is making inclination perpendicular to xy line similar to pair no. Ppt engineering drawing powerpoint presentation free.
Draw the isomeric view of the combination of these solids. Freehand sketching engineering fundamentals program. Unit 0 importance of engineering graphics, use of drawing instruments. Download ebook nd bhatt engineering drawing solutions nd bhatt engineering drawing solutions projections of straight lines 2problem no. Pdf ge8152 engineering graphics lecture notes, books. And different views are front view fv, top view tv and side view sv important terms of orthographic projections. The transparent plane on which the projections are drawn is known as plane of projection. Through 0 the point of intersection of xy and x1y1, lines draw a 45 line. A dimensioned drawing should provide all the information necessary for a finished product or part to be manufactured. Projection of straight lines class room and assignment problems 1. Line thickness for most engineering drawings you will require two thickness, a thick and thin line. If straight lines are drawn from various points on the contour of an object to meet a plane, the object is said to be projected on that plane. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a component and is called a detail drawing. Shape and angle distortion object looks more like what our eyes perceive.
Bhatt in this new edition some errors are rectified. Orthogonal projection drawing pdf orthographic projections are a collection of. The earlier edition of this textbook is thoroughly revised, extensively enlarged, completely updated. Do not use the scales as a straight edge for drawing straight lines. As we know,when the point is placed in second quadrant,its plan and elevation should in one plane,in this question it will be above the reference line. Determination of true length and true inclinations of straight lines from the projections not involving traces projection of plane surfaces like rectangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, circle surfaces. Straight line locus of a point, which moves linearly the shortest distance between any two given points. Textbook of engineering drawing, second edition xfiles. As each curve or straight line is logically made up of number of points, the theory of orthographic projections starts with projection of points. The figure or view formed by joining, in correct sequence, the points at which these lines meet the plane is called the projection of the object.
Draw the projections of the line if it is parallel to the vp and inclined at 30 to the hp. Construction of ellipse, parabola and hyperbola by eccentricity method only. It has been one of the most comprehensive revisions since the book was first published. Projections of planes parallel to one of the reference planes 2 5 9. The simplest position a straight line occupies in a space is, it is parallel to both v. Easy and fun drawing tutorials engineering drawing is one of the basic courses to study for all engineering disciplines. A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or computer methods.
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